What effect does saline intrusion have on freshwater resources?

Saline intrusion significantly affects freshwater resources by introducing saltwater into aquifers, which are crucial sources of freshwater. This contamination occurs when the freshwater layer is depleted or when the pressure balance between freshwater and saltwater is disturbed, often due to over-extraction of groundwater or sea-level rise. When saltwater invades aquifers, it poses a serious threat to the quality and availability of freshwater that populations rely on for drinking, agriculture, and other essential uses.

This not only degrades the water quality but can also lead to issues such as increased salinity levels that make the water unsuitable for irrigation, thereby affecting agricultural productivity. Additionally, the presence of saline water can inhibit the growth of plants that require freshwater, further exacerbating the challenges posed by saline intrusion. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective water resource management and protection efforts in coastal areas.