What is the function of digestions in analytical chemistry?

In analytical chemistry, digestion refers specifically to the process of heating a sample in strong acids, typically to break down complex matrices and facilitate the analysis of specific components within that sample. This procedure is critical for ensuring that substances are fully dissolved and that the analytical methods employed can effectively measure the desired compounds.

During digestion, the strong acids help to decompose organic matter and release metals or other analytes that might otherwise remain in insoluble forms. This is particularly important in water testing, where contaminants may be bound up in particulate matter or organic materials. By breaking these down through the digestion process, one ensures that the subsequent measurements are accurate and representative of the sample's total composition.

This key function supports a range of analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, where a clear, homogeneous solution is required for accurate quantitative analysis.