What two factors primarily differentiate primary and secondary standards in water quality?

Primary and secondary standards in water quality are differentiated primarily by the focus on health risks and aesthetic qualities. Primary standards are specifically established to protect human health by setting limits on the concentration of harmful contaminants in drinking water. These standards are critical because they address the potential health effects that substances could have on the population, ensuring safe consumption of water.

On the other hand, secondary standards are designed to address aesthetic concerns, such as taste, odor, and appearance of the water, rather than direct health impacts. These standards may regulate substances that can affect the appearance or sensory properties of water but do not pose significant health risks at the levels typically encountered.

This distinction highlights the importance of both health protection and public perception in water quality management, with primary standards focusing directly on safeguarding human health, while secondary standards aim to ensure a pleasant drinking experience.